Brazil faces widespread illegal gold mining, particularly in the Amazon rainforest, with profound environmental, economic, and social implications, as half of the country’s gold output is suspected of having dubious origin. This paper delves into how regulations have shaped Brazil’s gold industry over the years and fostered illegality. It also brings to light recent advancements in this field, such as adopting electronic invoices for the wildcat gold trade and suspending the ‘good faith’ presumption applied to wildcat gold transactions, which […]